The following is the second half of a discussion of James R. White's Pulpit Crimes: The Criminal Mishandling of God's Word.5. FELONIOUS EISEGESIS
Of all the 'crimes' noted by White, this is the one I find most common today - especially by pop preachers who run the circuit of TBN appearances and host their own televised services. Here's how White describes it: "When the Bible is mishandled and sloppily proclaimed, men's ideas take the place of God's truth. Reading into the text ideas and concepts that would have been foreign to the original writers and far beyond their intention is called eisegesis rather than the appropriate activity of exegesis." For clarity, understand that exegesis is the primary task of sermon preparation. It's not easy, nor can it be done quickly. White defines the task as this: "Reading out of the text its original meaning by careful attention to the grammar, syntax, the lexical meanings of words used by the author (as they were used in his day and in his area), and the overall context of the document." Citing several examples of contemporary preachers guilty of such abuse of scripture (again, without naming names) White makes a compelling case that either thru a) ignorance thru lack of education and/or study, or b) willful deception, many teacher/preachers are using the Bible to say what they want it to say rather than what it actually says. In their hands, the Bible becomes some sort of a magical talisman. Variant translations are used according to how they support the presuppositions of the preacher's message, not according to how faithfully they represent the original language's intent. White does a great job addressing one of the primary contributors to eisegesis: tradition. We have to guard ourselves against reading into scripture what we want to see because that is what we have always been taught, or because that's what our tradition holds to. The real question is this: Do we believe God has given us a revelation of clarity and direction that is timeless? If we consider God's Word to be holy, we must treat it with the most careful consideration and teach it with fear and reverence.
6. CROSS-DRESSING
White's chapter on the proper biblical roles for men and women will certainly stir controversy in a church culture that has largely rejected biblically defined gender roles. Holding to the traditional (and thoroughly biblical) view that God specifically and exclusively called men to be elders/pastors, White says, "Can, or more importantly, should a woman have a position of authoritatively proclaiming God's will to the entirety of God's flock? Clearly, if a church or denomination does not believe the Word is to function as the norm for answering such questions, the answers given will be significantly more varied. However, for those who do believe the Word sufficient to express God's will, the answer to the question seems straightforward." Paul's words to Timothy form the basis of discussion in this chapter. The common opposing argument/response people (and even pastors) make today is that Paul was either a) simply expressing his own opinion and not God's (a ludicrous assertion and truly frightening when you consider all its potential ramifications ... at what other times are the apostle's words his own and not God's? It's a ridiculous concept), or b) it only applied to the culture of that particular day and age. While the first argument fails due to its utter ridiculousness (assuming the reader believes in inspiration at all), the second might be tenable IF THE CLEAR CONTEXT OF SCRIPTURE DIDN'T INDICATE OTHERWISE. Paul refers to the established order of God begun in Genesis as the basis of this teaching, not any Greek societal norms, or even Hebrew/Jewish practices. He teaches it as the will of God. So to disagree, you must take one of the following steps:
- Scripture is not authoritative.
- Paul was not inspired.
- If our culture deems something appropriate that scripture deems inappropriate, it must have been a cultural issue, not a mandate.
- Or, as some in our own area have done, simply "decree" that God has given a new revelation that supersedes His written one.
In any case, the careful study of scripture should give us our answer - not popular opinion, nor eisegesis, nor even so-called "bible experts". (White rightly notes in the first chapter of his book that, "Every point of Christian truth is denied by some scholar, some religious leader.")
7. BODY COUNT
White poignantly addresses the modern phenomena of "church-hopping" in this section of his book. He describes this person as "always looking for the best music, the best preacher, the best set of programs to 'meet my needs'" In this culture of shopping-center churches, we have lost our sense of community, connection, and mutual commitment. The church, he says, is now "geared toward the 'seeker', the 'worshipper' (instead of the one worshipped), and the fulfillment of 'felt needs'". Membership fades in importance, people are more transient than ever, discipleship and accountability can never take root, and the pastor/shepherd is left with a 'flock' he cannot possibly know or minister to. The challenge is this chapter - consistent with the theme of the book - is that the burden for addressing this culture falls on the preacher. Truly we are guilty at times of cultivating audiences (even "fans" - my word - not his) in place of genuinely building fellowships of believers growing, learning, and serving together. We have created this man-centered faux-religiosity and then when cry when those same people - "won" to the church in selfishness - also leaver the church because it no longer suits them.
White addresses two other (less common, I think) "crimes" in the modern church:
8. IDENTITY THEFT
Misuse of the ordinance of the church - baptism and communion - is the topic next addressed. The 'crime' most often seen in baptism, White notes, is the teaching that our confidence should be in the act of baptist rather than it what it represents, and also in the desire by many churches to baptize as many as possible without thought to discipleship, or even evidence of genuine salvation prior to the baptism. regarding the Lord's Supper, he states that "the primary pulpit crime related to the Supper is apathy." He states that we have largely marginalized the event and that most of our congregants cannot even express a meaningful theology behind the ordinance. Again, the burden falls on the pulpit.
9. WARRANTY FRAUD
In this final section, White defends (very briefly) the doctrines of grace and the Lordship of Christ. Noting that many churches call people to "believe" in Him, without a call to live for or follow Him. He says that many churches today "warranty a person's salvation but do it fraudulently". Here is how:
"Salvation is by faith and faith alone. Faith, for these teachers, is a very specific, but limited thing. It involves simple mental assent to the most basic facts about who Jesus was. All one must do is believe in Jesus for eternal life, and at that point the transaction is sealed and finished. There is no repentance. There is no turning from sin, sorrow from sin, or anything of that kind. And what is more, you can stop right at that point, never progress any farther, never grow in the grace and knowledge of Christ, never become a disciple, a follower, never practice righteousness or love your brother or anything of the kind ... you can deny Christ, become an atheist ... It really doesn't matter! You have your ticket punched ... Faith alone! That's all you need."
This shallow, easy-believism does not find its roots in Scripture. This is not at all consistent with the orthodox concept of sola fide (faith alone). Instead, it is nuda fide (faith without substance).
His final indictment of this teaching is: "This 'Jesus will be your Savior but He surely does not need to be your Lord' kind of teaching is thoroughly man-centered. It leaves no basis for the glorification of God in the Gospel. God is denied His sovereign rights to have a purpose in the great work of redemption. He is reduced to a dispenser of fire insurance policies whose highest purpose is helping briefly interested individuals to escape a nasty end, but no more. This is a caricature, at best, of the Gospel."
This is not a sit-by-the-pool read. It's a provocative introduction to serious theological issues that have profound effects on churches and Christians. White's writing style is abrasive and strident, but his arguments are forceful and compelling. Even if you disagree on some point or contention, you will feel compelled to search out a better answer in the Scriptures, and that's always a good thing. I have summarized much of the book in these last two days, but if you want to read more, I encourage it.